Friendly Print preview

Stuffy, running nose

What is the cause?

Your nose is lined by a delicate tissue called mucosa, which produces mucus to protect your nose. If this tissue is irritated, it becomes inflamed and swells up, causing blockage and a lot of mucus.

This is most commonly caused by a viral infection. Other causes are allergies and dust. Bacterial infection may then develop, and this tends to cause yellow-greenish mucus and sometimes pain.

What are the symptoms?

The commonest symptoms are profuse mucus (running nose) and stuffiness that may cause you to breathe through the mouth.

What are the complications?

Complications are nose bleeding, ear pain and sinusitis.

What is the treatment?

Blowing the nose

Clear excess mucus by blowing into a clean handkerchief or disposable paper tissue. First clear one nostril, keeping the other closed by gently pressing on its side. Then repeat for the other nostril. A common mistake is to press both nostrils almost closed as you blow. This forces air and mucus inwards, causing ear troubles.

Nasal decongestants

These over-the-counter preparations may help but should be used with care. These sprays or drops are designed to shrink and dry out the swollen mucosa, but can cause a 'rebound' reaction and eventually make the problem worse. If necessary, use these for a short period of 2 days only, and never exceed the maximum dose advised on the packet. Simple cold-soothing 'lollies' containing menthol can be just as effective.

Steam inhalation

Steam inhalation is a simple and excellent way of clearing the nose cavities and sinuses. There are several preparations (such as friar's balsam, Vicks VapoRub or other menthol substances) that can be dissolved in hot water. Add 1 teaspoon of the inhalant to 500 mL (1 pint) of boiled water (just off the boil) in an old container such as a wide-mouthed bottle or plastic container. Rather than using the old-fashioned method of a towel over the head, use a paper cone to direct the vapour to the nose and mouth.

Inhale the vapour slowly and deeply through the nose, and then exhale slowly through the mouth. Do this for 5 minutes 3 times a day, including before going to bed (the most important time). When you finish the inhalation, blow your nose as described.

Copyright 1995: John Murtagh, Professor of General Practice
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia