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Seborrhoea in infants

What is seborrhoea?

Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a common skin inflammation that occurs mainly in the hair-bearing areas of the body, especially the scalp and eyebrows. It can appear on the face, neck, armpits and groin. In particular, it can cause nappy rash.

What are the symptoms?

Seborrhoeic dermatitis usually appears as red patches or blotches with areas of scaling. This becomes redder when the baby cries or gets hot. Cradle cap may appear in the scalp. A flaky, scurf-like dandruff appears first, and then a yellow, greasy, scaly crust forms. This scurf is usually associated with reddening of the skin.

Unlike eczema, it does not usually itch and irritate the child, who is usually comfortable, in good health and does not scratch. However, the dermatitis can become infected, especially in the napkin area, and this becomes difficult to clear up. If untreated, it often spreads to many areas of the body. It is said that 'cradle cap and nappy rash may meet in the middle'.

At what age does it occur?

Seborrhoeic dermatitis tends to occur during the first year of life, especially during the first 3 months. Many cases begin in the first month of life. It is rare to see it begin after 2 years.

What is the treatment?

Self-help

• Seborrhoeic dermatitis can heal naturally by following a few basic rules. It is most important to keep the areas clean and dry by bathing in warm water, patting the area dry with a soft cloth and keeping the skin exposed to the air and sun as much as possible. Avoid using soap for washing.
• For cradle cap, rub the scales gently with baby oil and then wash away the loose scales.
• For nappy rash, change wet or soiled nappies often, as soon as noticed. Keep the area dry and clean, exposing it to the air and sun several times a day. Do not wash in soap, use excessive powder or plastic pants.
• For the body, apply a thin smear of zinc cream to help mild areas heal and prevent spread.

Medical help

If the problem is not settling with basic care, consult your doctor, who may prescribe a cream containing sulphur or a mild steroid cream.

Copyright 1995: John Murtagh, Professor of General Practice
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia