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early
prostate cancer
Also known
as localised prostate cancer. Cancer which is confined to the
prostate, and has not started to spread.
ejaculation
In men, the
discharge of semen from the erect penis at the moment of sexual
climax.
electrosurgery
The use of
electrodes, which are devices (like wires) that conduct electricity,
to remove diseased tissue, like tumours.
emphysema
A condition
is which the alveoli of the lungs are enlarged and damaged, which
reduces the lung's surface area, causing breathing difficulties.
endocrine
Refers to
the process in which a group of cells secrete into the blood or
lymph systems a substance that has a special effect on tissues
in another part of the body. The endocrine pancreas is the tissue
that secretes insulin.
endocrinologist [en-do-crin ol-o-gist]
A doctor specialising in the diagnosis and treatment of hormone disorders.
endocrinology
The study
of the endocrine glands and the hormones they secrete.
endometrial
cancer [en-do me-tri-al can-cer]
see uterine
cancer.
endoscopy [en dos-co-py]/endoscope [en-do scope]
Endoscopy is the procedure of looking inside the body
using an endoscope, which is an instrument consisting of a thin,
flexible tube with a light at the end that is inserted into a
body opening (mouth, anus,
vagina, urethra) to enable a direct view of structures inside
the body. Many endoscopes can also be used to take a sample of
tissue for biopsy,
or to remove small growths: see fibre
optics.
endoscopic retrograde
cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP)
A procedure using an endoscope which allows the doctor to see
the pancreas and bile duct. Some dye is injected into these
organs so that they will show up on x-ray pictures.
enema
[en-e-ma]
A procedure to wash out faeces from the bowel,
to insert drugs for treatment, or, in the case of a barium
enema, to examine the bowel under x-ray.
engraft
When transplanted
bone marrow begins to produce red blood cells, white blood cells
and platelets.
enzyme
Proteins that
are essential for the normal functioning and performance of the
body.
epidermis [ep-i-der-mis]
One of two main layers that make up the skin. The epidermis
is the surface layer, which contains basal cells, squamous cells—which
contain keratin, a protective substance that resists heat, cold
and the effects of many chemicals—and melanocytes—which
produce keratin.
epidural anaesthetic [ep-i-du-ral
an-aes-thet-ic]
see anaesthetic.
epithelium
The cells
which make up the internal and external surfaces of the body,
for example, inside of lungs, ovaries.
erectile
dysfunction
Inability
to have an erection, or have an erection hard enough for penetration.
esophagus [e-soph-a-gus]
see oesophagus.
excision
Cutting out tissue, an organ or a tumour from
the body.
exocrine
Refers to the process of secreting outwardly through a duct
to the surface of an organ or tissue. The exocrine pancreas
is the tissue that secretes enzymes which help digest food.
extravasation [ex-tra va-sa-tion]
Where blood or lymph leaks and
spreads from the vessels into the surrounding tissues, as a result
of injury or allergy. Extravasation of chemotherapy drugs can occur when the drug leaks out of the vein when chemotherapy
is being administered intravenously.
Some chemotherapy can cause damage to the tissues around the site
of extravasation.
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